1. Name Of The Medicinal Product
Myocrisin 20mg/ml Solution for Injection
2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition
Each 0.5ml of solution for injection contains 10mg of Sodium aurothiomalate (20mg/ml).
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. Pharmaceutical Form
Injection
4. Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
Myocrisin is used in the management of active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and progressive juvenile chronic arthritis especially if polyarticular or seropositive.
4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration
Do not use a darkened solution (more than pale yellow).
Myocrisin should be administered only by deep intramuscular injection followed by gentle massage of the area. The patient should remain under medical observation for a period of 30 minutes after drug administration.
Adults
An initial test dose of 10 mg should be given in the first week followed by weekly doses of 50 mg until signs of remission occur. At this point 50 mg doses should be given at two week intervals until full remission occurs. With full remission the interval between injections should be increased progressively to three, four and then, after 18 months to 2 years, to six weeks.
If after reaching a total dose of 1 g (excluding the test dose), no major improvement has occurred and the patient has not shown any signs of gold toxcicity, six 100 mg injections may be administered at weekly intervals. If no sign of remission occurs after this time other forms of treatment are to be considered.
Elderly
There are no specific dosage recommendations. Elderly patients should be monitored with extra caution
Children: Progressive juvenile chronic arthritis:
Weekly doses of 1 mg/kg should be given but not exceeding a maximum weekly dose of 50 mg. Depending on urgency, this dose may be preceded by a smaller test dose such as 1/10 or 1/5 of the full dose for 2-3 weeks. Continue weekly doses until signs of remission appear then increase the intervals between injections to two weeks. With full remission increase the interval to three then four weeks. In the absence of signs of remission after twenty weeks consider raising the dose slightly or changing to another therapy.
Treatment should be continued for six months. Response can be expected at the 300-500 mg level. If patients respond, maintenance therapy should be continued with the dosage administered over the previous 2-4 weeks, for 1-5 years.
4.3 Contraindications
Pregnancy (see section 4.6)
Myocrisin is contraindicated in patients with gross renal or hepatic disease, a history of blood dyscrasias, exfoliative dermatitis or systemic lupus erythematosus.
The absolute contraindications should be positively excluded before considering gold therapy.
4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use
As with other gold preparations, reactions which resemble anaphylactoid effects have been reported. These effects may occur after any course of therapy within the first ten minutes following drug administration (see administration). If anaphylactoid effects are observed, treatment with Myocrisin should be discontinued (see section 4.8).
Myocrisin should be administered with extra caution in the elderly and in patients with a history of urticaria, eczema or colitis. Extra caution should also be exercised if phenylbutazone or oxyphenbutazone are administered concurrently.
Before starting treatment and again before each injection, the urine should be tested for protein, the skin inspected for rash and a full blood count performed, including a numerical platelet count (not an estimate) and the readings plotted. Blood dyscrasias are most likely to occur when between 400 mg and 1 g of gold have been given, or between the 10th and 20th week of treatment, but can also occur with much lower doses or after only 2-4 weeks of therapy (see section 4.8).
The presence of albuminuria, pruritus or rash, or an eosinophilia, are indications of developing toxicity (see section 4.8). The Myocrisin should be withheld for one or two weeks until all signs have disappeared when the course may be restarted on a test dose followed by a decreased frequency of gold injections.
A complaint of sore throat, glossitis, buccal ulceration and/or easy bruising or bleeding, demands an immediate blood count, followed if indicated, by appropriate treatment for agrananulocytosis, aplastic anaemia and/or thrombocytopenia (see section 4.8). Every patient treated with Myocrisin should be warned to report immediately the appearance of pruritus, metallic taste, sore throat or tongue, buccal ulceration or easy bruising, purpura, epistaxis, bleeding gums, menorrhagia or diarrhoea (see section 4.8).
4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction
Concurrent gold administration may exacerbate aspirin-induced hepatic dysfunction. Caution should be exercised if phenylbutazone or oxyphenbutazone are administered concurrently.
Caution is needed in patients treated concomitantly with sodium aurothiomalate and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors due to an increased risk of severe anaphylactoid reaction in these patients.
4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation
The safety of Myocrisin in the foetus and the newborn has not been established. Female patients receiving Myocrisin should be instructed to avoid pregnancy. Pregnant patients should not be treated with Myocrisin. Lactating mothers under treatment with Myocrisin excrete significant amounts of gold in their breast milk and should not breast feed their infants.
4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines
None
4.8 Undesirable Effects
Blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, leucopenia & neutropenia have been reported (see section 4.4).
Anaphylactic/Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported, symptoms of which may include weakness, flushing, hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnoea, palpitations, abdominal pain, shock and possibly collapse (see section 4.4).
Hepatotxicity with cholestatic jaundic is a rare complication which may occur early in the course of treatment. It subsides on withdrawing Myocrisin. A rare but severe form of enterocolitis has been described.
Diffuse unilateral or bilateral pulmonary fibrosis very rarely occurs. This progressive condition usually responds to drug withdrawal and steroid therapy. An annual x-ray is recommended and attention should be paid to unexplained breathlessness and dry cough.
Side effects may be largly avoided by the indicated careful titration of dosage. Minor reactions, usually manifest as skin rashes and pruritus are the most frequent and commonly benign, but as such reactions may be the forerunners of severe gold toxicity they must never be treated lightly. Other indicators of developing toxicity could be the presence of albuminuria or an eosinophilia (see section 4.4)
Severe skin reactions that have been reported include exfoliative dermatitis and bullous eruptions. Irreversible skin pigmentation (chrysiasis) can occur in sun-exposed areas after prolonged treatment with Myocrisin. Rare reports of alopecia exist. Nephrotic syndrome has been rarely reported.
Neurological manifestations of gold toxicity including very rare cases of peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome and encephalopathy have been observed.
4.9 Overdose
Minor side effects resolve spontaneously on withdrawal of Myocrisin. Symptomatic treatment of pruritus with antihistamines may be helpful. Major skin lesions and serious blood dyscrasias demand hospital admission when dimercaprol or penacillamine may be used to enhance gold excretion. Fresh blood and/or platelet transfusions, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids may be required in the management of severe blood dyscasias.
5. Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties
The precise mode of action of sodium aurothiomalate is not yet known. Treatment with gold has been shown to be accompanied by a fall in ESR and C-reactive protein, an increase in serum histidine and sulphydryl levels and a reduction in serum immunoglobulins, rheumatoid factor titres and Clq-binding activity.
Numerous experimental observations have been recorded including physico-chemical changes in collagen and interference with complement activation, gammaglobulin aggregation, prostaglandin biosythesis, inhibition of cathepsin and production of superoxide radicals by activated polymophonuclear leucocytes.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties
Sodium aurothiomalate is absorbed readily after intramuscular injection and becomes bound to plasma proteins. With doses of 50 mg weekly the steady-state serum concentration of gold is about 3 to 5 microgram per ml. It is widely distributed and accumulates in the body. Concentrations in synovial fluid have been shown to be similar or slightly less than those in plasma. Sodium aurothiomalate is mainly excreted in the urine with smaller amounts in the faeces. The serum half-life of gold clearance is about 5 or 6 days but after a course of treatment, gold may be found in the urine for up to a year or more owing to its presence in deep body compartments.
Gold has been detected in the foetus following administration of sodium aurothiomalate to the mother. Gold has been detected in the breast fed child where the mother has received sodium aurothiomalate.
5.3 Preclinical Safety Data
No additional pre-clinical data of relevance to the prescriber.
6. Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List Of Excipients
Phenylmercuric nitrate
Water for Injections
6.2 Incompatibilities
None known
6.3 Shelf Life
36 months
6.4 Special Precautions For Storage
Store below 25ºC. Protect from light
6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container
Carton containing 10 sealed glass ampoules each containing 0.5ml injection solution.
6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling
None stated
7. Marketing Authorisation Holder
Sanofi-aventis
One Onslow Street
Guildford
Surrey
GU1 4YS
UK
8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)
PL04425/0387
9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation
6th December 2006
10. Date Of Revision Of The Text
12 July 2010
LEGAL CATEGORY
POM
